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Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites
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Combinatorial Screening of Ingredients for Steel Wool Based Semimetallic and Aramid Pulp Based Nonasbestos Organic Brake Materials

Choong-Fong Tang

Center for Advanced Friction Studies Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL 62901-4343, USA

Yafei Lu

College of Materials Science and Engineering (Box 82) Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029, China

Two important factors, good friction performance and low cost, were considered for the selection of raw materials. Ternary composites (A + B + C systems where A is steel wool or aramid pulp belonging to good wear resistant raw material group, B is an organic binder benzoxazine and C is an ingredient belonging to poor wear resistant raw material group) were designed to evaluate the interaction effects of A and C on friction performance. Seventeen ingredients, BaSO4, B2O3, BN, brass chips, CaCO3, Ca(OH)2, copper chips, CuS, Cu2S, H3BO3, iron powder, MgO, oxidized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber, PMF (slag fiber), Sb2S3, Ultrafibe (wollastonite) and ZrSiO4 combined respectively with steel wool or aramid pulp, tested using Friction Assessment and Screening Test (FAST) were classified into good (FAST can be lasted for 90 min), intermediate (FAST can be lasted for 90 min at one given composition) and poor (FAST cannot be lasted for 90 min at two given compositions) wear resistant performance. CaCO3, Ca(OH)2, MgO, oxidized PAN fiber, Sb2S3 and Ultrafibe with lighter density have good wear resistant performance when they combined with steel wool. BaSO4, PMF and Ultrafibe have good wear resistant performance when they are combined with aramid pulp. The roles of steel wool and aramid pulp in the ternary friction materials were identified. The formation of iron-containing friction layer is an important factor to improve wear in steel wool based ternary composites and the excellent wear resistant performance of aramid pulp contributes to aramid pulp based ternary composites.

Key Words: friction materials • raw material selection • design of experiments • combinatorial approach • friction surface

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, Vol. 23, No. 1, 51-63 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/0731684044028701
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This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Journal of Composite MaterialsHome page
V. Matejka, G. Simha Martynkova, Yuning Ma, and Yafei Lu
Semimetallic Brake Friction Materials Containing ZrSiO4: Friction Performance and Friction Layers Evaluation
Journal of Composite Materials, June 1, 2009; 43(13): 1421 - 1434.
[Abstract] [PDF]